Hollow sections are a category of structural components widely used in construction and engineering, characterized by their hollow cross-sections that can offer significant strength while reducing material weight. The classification of hollow structural section generally includes three main types: square hollow section, rectangular hollow section, and circular hollow section.
Types of mild steel Hollow sections
Circular hollow sections (CHS)
Shape: round cross-section.
Key Features:uniform stress distribution, excellent resistance to bending, compression, and torsion.
Smooth surface reduces wind resistance and fluid drag.
Square hollow sections (SHS)
Shape: square cross-section with equal side lengths.
Key Features:strong in bending along both axes, making them suitable for load-bearing in two directions.Easy to connect to other components.
Rectangular hollow sections (RHS)
Shape: rectangular cross-section with unequal side lengths.
Key Features:higher moment of inertia along the longer axis, making them efficient for bending in one direction.Versatile for applications requiring asymmetric strength.
Special/Non-Standard Hollow Sections
Special/non standard hollow sections include oval hollow sections, triangular hollow sections, d-shaped hollow sections, and trapezoidal hollow sections.
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Manufacturing process of hollow box sections
Cold Forming
Steel strips are rolled and welded into shape (common for SHS, RHS, and small CHS).
Hot Forming
Used for larger CHS, where steel is heated and shaped into pipes.
Galvanizing/Coating
Post-manufacturing treatments (e.g., hot-dip galvanizing, paint) to enhance corrosion resistance.
Square HSS is made the same way as pipe. During the manufacturing process flat steel plate is gradually changed in shape to become round where the edges are presented ready to weld. The edges are then welded together to form the mother tube. During the manufacturing process the mother tube goes through a series of shaping stands which form the round HSS (mother tube) into the final square or rectangular shape.(This description is taken from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_structural_section)
Cold Forming Process:
Uncoiling and Leveling
1
>>
Edge Preparation
2
>>
Roll Forming
3
>>
Welding
4
>>
Straightening
5
>>
Cutting to Length
6
Hot Forming Process
Heating
1
>>
Shaping
2
>>
Welding
3
>>
Cooling and Straightening
4
>>
Finishing
5
Application of Hollow Sections
- Construction: Framing, columns, beams, and braces.
- Transportation: Vehicle chassis, trailers, and railway carriages.
- Energy: Offshore platforms, wind turbine towers, and oil/gas pipelines.
- Agriculture: Farm machinery, fencing, and storage structures.
- Sports and Recreation: Stadiums, gym equipment, and playground structures.
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